File Manager

X7ROOT File Manager

Current Path: /usr/bin

📁 ..
📄 2to3(106 B)
📄 2to3-3.6(106 B)
📄 GET(15.84 KB)
📄 HEAD(15.84 KB)
📄 Magick-config(1.43 KB)
📄 MagickCore-config(1.56 KB)
📄 MagickWand-config(1.56 KB)
📄 Mail(408.89 KB)
📄 POST(15.84 KB)
📄 Wand-config(1.42 KB)
📄 [(53.67 KB)
📄 ab(72.63 KB)
📄 ac(33.07 KB)
📄 aclocal(35.62 KB)
📄 aclocal-1.16(35.62 KB)
📄 acyclic(12.41 KB)
📄 addr2line(33.41 KB)
📄 agentxtrap(24.53 KB)
📄 alias(29 B)
📄 alt-mysql-reconfigure(21.16 KB)
📄 alt-php-mysql-reconfigure(21.16 KB)
📄 alt-php-mysql-reconfigure.py(21.16 KB)
📄 animate(11.84 KB)
📄 apropos(54.04 KB)
📄 ar(61.96 KB)
📄 arch(37.41 KB)
📄 aria_chk(4.53 MB)
📄 aria_dump_log(4.33 MB)
📄 aria_ftdump(4.34 MB)
📄 aria_pack(4.37 MB)
📄 aria_read_log(4.49 MB)
📄 arpaname(11.82 KB)
📄 as(889.91 KB)
📄 aspell(159.5 KB)
📄 at(57.33 KB)
📄 atop(284.66 KB)
📄 atopconvert(24.66 KB)
📄 atopd(922 B)
📄 atopsar(284.66 KB)
📄 atq(57.33 KB)
📄 atrm(57.33 KB)
📄 attr(13.06 KB)
📄 aulast(20.58 KB)
📄 aulastlog(12.44 KB)
📄 ausyscall(12.27 KB)
📄 authselect(41.13 KB)
📄 autoconf(14.42 KB)
📄 autoheader(8.33 KB)
📄 autom4te(31.43 KB)
📄 automake(251.9 KB)
📄 automake-1.16(251.9 KB)
📄 autopoint(25.95 KB)
📄 autoreconf(20.57 KB)
📄 autoscan(16.72 KB)
📄 autoupdate(33.08 KB)
📄 auvirt(32.73 KB)
📄 awk(669.77 KB)
📄 b2sum(57.76 KB)
📄 base32(41.55 KB)
📄 base64(41.56 KB)
📄 basename(37.49 KB)
📄 bash(1.1 MB)
📄 bashbug(7.18 KB)
📄 bashbug-64(7.18 KB)
📄 batch(137 B)
📄 bc(94.98 KB)
📄 bcomps(20.62 KB)
📄 bdftopcf(45.4 KB)
📄 bg(26 B)
📄 bind9-config(3.33 KB)
📄 bison(437.72 KB)
📄 blkiomon(25.7 KB)
📄 blkparse(51.39 KB)
📄 blkrawverify(16.4 KB)
📄 blktrace(43.07 KB)
📄 bno_plot.py(3.47 KB)
📄 bond2team(22.74 KB)
📄 bootctl(45.15 KB)
📄 brotli(739.2 KB)
📄 btrace(891 B)
📄 btrecord(17.39 KB)
📄 btreplay(29.72 KB)
📄 btt(80.84 KB)
📄 bunzip2(36.86 KB)
📄 busctl(77.26 KB)
📄 bzcat(36.86 KB)
📄 bzcmp(2.08 KB)
📄 bzdiff(2.08 KB)
📄 bzegrep(1.64 KB)
📄 bzfgrep(1.64 KB)
📄 bzgrep(1.64 KB)
📄 bzip2(36.86 KB)
📄 bzip2recover(16.44 KB)
📄 bzless(1.23 KB)
📄 bzmore(1.23 KB)
📄 c++(1.21 MB)
📄 c++filt(28.89 KB)
📄 c89(224 B)
📄 c99(215 B)
📄 ca-legacy(1.61 KB)
📄 cairo-sphinx(69.71 KB)
📄 cal(65.98 KB)
📄 captoinfo(85.31 KB)
📄 cat(37.54 KB)
📄 catchsegv(3.21 KB)
📄 catman(41.45 KB)
📄 cc(1.21 MB)
📄 ccomps(24.72 KB)
📄 cd(26 B)
📄 centrino-decode(11.27 KB)
📄 certutil(195.26 KB)
📄 chacl(16.36 KB)
📄 chage(77.68 KB)
📄 chardetect(400 B)
📄 chattr(16.41 KB)
📄 chcon(70.43 KB)
📄 chfn(32.89 KB)
📄 chgrp(66.35 KB)
📄 chmem(45.47 KB)
📄 chmod(62.29 KB)
📄 chown(70.39 KB)
📄 chronyc(127.6 KB)
📄 chrt(37.18 KB)
📄 chsh(24.71 KB)
📄 chvt(12.53 KB)
📄 cifsiostat(41.35 KB)
📄 circo(12.26 KB)
📄 cksum(37.46 KB)
📄 cl-linksafe-reconfigure(4.83 KB)
📄 clear(12.54 KB)
📄 cluster(518.33 KB)
📄 cmp(103.76 KB)
📄 cmsutil(118.27 KB)
📄 col(29 KB)
📄 colcrt(16.48 KB)
📄 colrm(24.88 KB)
📄 column(49.47 KB)
📄 comm(41.63 KB)
📄 command(31 B)
📄 compare(11.85 KB)
📄 compile_et(1.31 KB)
📄 composite(11.84 KB)
📄 config_data(6.97 KB)
📄 conjure(11.84 KB)
📄 convert(11.84 KB)
📄 coredumpctl(44.91 KB)
📄 corelist(14.64 KB)
📄 cp(148.05 KB)
📄 cpan(8.17 KB)
📄 cpan-mirrors(4.19 KB)
📄 cpapi1(3.18 MB)
📄 cpapi2(3.18 MB)
📄 cpapi3(3.18 MB)
📄 cpio(159.8 KB)
📄 cpp(1.21 MB)
📄 cpupower(66.91 KB)
📄 crb(2.58 KB)
📄 crc32(1.02 KB)
📄 crlutil(134.74 KB)
📄 cronnext(49.8 KB)
📄 crontab(61.67 KB)
📄 csplit(53.76 KB)
📄 csslint-0.6(24.56 KB)
📄 curl(230.09 KB)
📄 cut(49.59 KB)
📄 cvtsudoers(284.13 KB)
📄 cxpm(29.11 KB)
📄 date(106.03 KB)
📄 db_archive(12.45 KB)
📄 db_checkpoint(16.48 KB)
📄 db_deadlock(16.48 KB)
📄 db_dump(16.51 KB)
📄 db_dump185(69.55 KB)
📄 db_hotbackup(20.49 KB)
📄 db_load(28.61 KB)
📄 db_log_verify(16.52 KB)
📄 db_printlog(33.4 KB)
📄 db_recover(16.51 KB)
📄 db_replicate(16.49 KB)
📄 db_stat(16.48 KB)
📄 db_tuner(24.55 KB)
📄 db_upgrade(12.45 KB)
📄 db_verify(16.46 KB)
📄 dbilogstrip(1.35 KB)
📄 dbiprof(6.06 KB)
📄 dbus-binding-tool(110.43 KB)
📄 dbus-cleanup-sockets(16.38 KB)
📄 dbus-daemon(239.76 KB)
📄 dbus-monitor(28.63 KB)
📄 dbus-run-session(15.95 KB)
📄 dbus-send(28.6 KB)
📄 dbus-test-tool(24.66 KB)
📄 dbus-update-activation-environment(16.47 KB)
📄 dbus-uuidgen(12.37 KB)
📄 dc(53.02 KB)
📄 dd(78.05 KB)
📄 deallocvt(12.54 KB)
📄 debuginfo-install(3.62 KB)
📄 debuginfod-find(16.47 KB)
📄 delv(42.46 KB)
📄 desktop-file-edit(95.45 KB)
📄 desktop-file-install(95.45 KB)
📄 desktop-file-validate(83.61 KB)
📄 df(91.16 KB)
📄 diff(268.01 KB)
📄 diff3(128.6 KB)
📄 diffimg(12.27 KB)
📄 dig(162.19 KB)
📄 dijkstra(16.71 KB)
📄 dir(139.97 KB)
📄 dircolors(49.63 KB)
📄 dirmngr(580.16 KB)
📄 dirmngr-client(120.12 KB)
📄 dirname(33.44 KB)
📄 display(11.84 KB)
📄 dltest(13.05 KB)
📄 dmesg(77.88 KB)
📄 dnf(2.05 KB)
📄 dnf-3(2.05 KB)
📄 dnsdomainname(21.16 KB)
📄 dnstap-read(20.43 KB)
📄 domainname(21.16 KB)
📄 dos2unix(58.54 KB)
📄 dot(12.26 KB)
📄 dot2gxl(41.3 KB)
📄 dotty(2.04 KB)
📄 doveadm(983.31 KB)
📄 doveconf(228.41 KB)
📄 dovecot-sysreport(5.8 KB)
📄 dpkg(316.17 KB)
📄 dpkg-deb(165.5 KB)
📄 dpkg-divert(157.75 KB)
📄 dpkg-maintscript-helper(20.67 KB)
📄 dpkg-query(165.84 KB)
📄 dpkg-realpath(4.05 KB)
📄 dpkg-split(132.39 KB)
📄 dpkg-statoverride(66.41 KB)
📄 dpkg-trigger(87.66 KB)
📄 dracut(67.56 KB)
📄 dsync(983.31 KB)
📄 dtrace(17.39 KB)
📄 du(107.1 KB)
📄 dumpkeys(169.88 KB)
📄 dumpsexp(16.43 KB)
📄 dwp(2.13 MB)
📄 dwz(167.64 KB)
📄 ea-php74(6.09 MB)
📄 ea-php74-pear(383 B)
📄 ea-php74-pecl(299 B)
📄 ea-php80(7.61 MB)
📄 ea-php80-pear(383 B)
📄 ea-php80-pecl(299 B)
📄 ea-php81(7.72 MB)
📄 ea-php81-pear(383 B)
📄 ea-php81-pecl(299 B)
📄 ea-php82(7.77 MB)
📄 ea-php82-pear(383 B)
📄 ea-php82-pecl(299 B)
📄 easy_install-2(234 B)
📄 easy_install-2.7(234 B)
📄 easy_install-3(246 B)
📄 easy_install-3.6(246 B)
📄 echo(37.43 KB)
📄 ed(57.28 KB)
📄 edgepaint(420.79 KB)
📄 egrep(28 B)
📄 eject(57.78 KB)
📄 elfedit(33.3 KB)
📄 elinks(1.55 MB)
📄 enc2xs(40.97 KB)
📄 encguess(2.91 KB)
📄 enchant(21.08 KB)
📄 enchant-2(20.25 KB)
📄 enchant-lsmod(13.09 KB)
📄 enchant-lsmod-2(12.35 KB)
📄 env(41.43 KB)
📄 envml(4.1 KB)
📄 envsubst(48.99 KB)
📄 eps2eps(639 B)
📄 eqn(232.16 KB)
📄 event_rpcgen.py(54.26 KB)
📄 evmctl(62.54 KB)
📄 ex(1.13 MB)
📄 expand(41.66 KB)
📄 expr(49.65 KB)
📄 factor(86.05 KB)
📄 fallocate(28.96 KB)
📄 false(33.39 KB)
📄 fc(26 B)
📄 fc-cache(132 B)
📄 fc-cache-64(20.35 KB)
📄 fc-cat(16.35 KB)
📄 fc-conflist(12.25 KB)
📄 fc-list(12.25 KB)
📄 fc-match(16.26 KB)
📄 fc-pattern(12.26 KB)
📄 fc-query(12.24 KB)
📄 fc-scan(12.26 KB)
📄 fc-validate(16.26 KB)
📄 fdp(12.26 KB)
📄 fg(26 B)
📄 fgconsole(12.55 KB)
📄 fgrep(28 B)
📄 filan(94.72 KB)
📄 file(24.68 KB)
📄 fincore(33.03 KB)
📄 find(223.3 KB)
📄 find-repos-of-install(3.62 KB)
📄 findmnt(70.6 KB)
📄 fips-finish-install(1.29 KB)
📄 fips-mode-setup(3.91 KB)
📄 firewall-cmd(139.6 KB)
📄 firewall-offline-cmd(120.73 KB)
📄 flex(428.45 KB)
📄 flex++(428.45 KB)
📄 flock(33.2 KB)
📄 fmt(45.57 KB)
📄 fold(41.48 KB)
📄 fonttosfnt(41.18 KB)
📄 fprintd-delete(77.29 KB)
📄 fprintd-enroll(85.88 KB)
📄 fprintd-list(77.27 KB)
📄 fprintd-verify(81.38 KB)
📄 free(20.79 KB)
📄 freetype-config(4.31 KB)
📄 fribidi(21.14 KB)
📄 ftp(101.2 KB)
📄 funzip(36.63 KB)
📄 g++(1.21 MB)
📄 g13(212.02 KB)
📄 galera_new_cluster(917 B)
📄 galera_recovery(3.29 KB)
📄 gapplication(20.45 KB)
📄 garb-systemd(1.2 KB)
📄 garbd(1.65 MB)
📄 gawk(669.77 KB)
📄 gc(16.64 KB)
📄 gcc(1.21 MB)
📄 gcc-ar(36.66 KB)
📄 gcc-nm(36.66 KB)
📄 gcc-ranlib(36.66 KB)
📄 gcov(1.31 MB)
📄 gcov-dump(570.88 KB)
📄 gcov-tool(607.75 KB)
📄 gdbm_dump(21.05 KB)
📄 gdbm_load(25.31 KB)
📄 gdbmtool(111.57 KB)
📄 gdbus(48.72 KB)
📄 gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64(15.93 KB)
📄 gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer(20.45 KB)
📄 gdlib-config(2.79 KB)
📄 gencat(24.84 KB)
📄 genl-ctrl-list(12.04 KB)
📄 geqn(232.16 KB)
📄 getconf(32.46 KB)
📄 getent(33.13 KB)
📄 getfacl(25.38 KB)
📄 getfattr(23.03 KB)
📄 getkeycodes(12.54 KB)
📄 getopt(20.52 KB)
📄 getopts(31 B)
📄 gettext(48.97 KB)
📄 gettext.sh(4.52 KB)
📄 gettextize(42.69 KB)
📄 ghostscript(12.35 KB)
📄 gio(85.22 KB)
📄 gio-querymodules-64(16.3 KB)
📄 git(26.38 MB)
📄 git-receive-pack(26.38 MB)
📄 git-shell(15.79 MB)
📄 git-upload-archive(26.38 MB)
📄 git-upload-pack(26.38 MB)
📄 glib-compile-schemas(48.85 KB)
📄 gmake(235.32 KB)
📄 gml2gv(41.23 KB)
📄 gneqn(908 B)
📄 gnroff(3.23 KB)
📄 gpasswd(82.16 KB)
📄 gpg(1.04 MB)
📄 gpg-agent(419.29 KB)
📄 gpg-connect-agent(165.3 KB)
📄 gpg-error(34.16 KB)
📄 gpg-error-config(2.26 KB)
📄 gpg-wks-server(206.69 KB)
📄 gpg-zip(3.44 KB)
📄 gpg2(1.04 MB)
📄 gpgconf(176.09 KB)
📄 gpgme-json(85.68 KB)
📄 gpgparsemail(28.74 KB)
📄 gpgrt-config(2.26 KB)
📄 gpgsm(514.45 KB)
📄 gpgsplit(87.02 KB)
📄 gpgv(451.58 KB)
📄 gpgv2(451.58 KB)
📄 gpic(293.84 KB)
📄 gpio-event-mon(14.96 KB)
📄 gpio-hammer(14.96 KB)
📄 gprof(103.36 KB)
📄 gr2fonttest(29.95 KB)
📄 graphml2gv(20.65 KB)
📄 grep(193.63 KB)
📄 groff(124.92 KB)
📄 grops(191.14 KB)
📄 grotty(141.9 KB)
📄 groups(37.47 KB)
📄 grub2-editenv(448.09 KB)
📄 grub2-file(928.48 KB)
📄 grub2-fstest(1.15 MB)
📄 grub2-glue-efi(279.35 KB)
📄 grub2-kbdcomp(1.63 KB)
📄 grub2-menulst2cfg(262.64 KB)
📄 grub2-mkfont(312.09 KB)
📄 grub2-mkimage(431.35 KB)
📄 grub2-mklayout(285.46 KB)
📄 grub2-mknetdir(485.73 KB)
📄 grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2(291.84 KB)
📄 grub2-mkrelpath(279.23 KB)
📄 grub2-mkrescue(1.12 MB)
📄 grub2-mkstandalone(594.47 KB)
📄 grub2-render-label(937.11 KB)
📄 grub2-script-check(315.96 KB)
📄 grub2-syslinux2cfg(861.64 KB)
📄 gs(12.35 KB)
📄 gsettings(28.61 KB)
📄 gsnd(277 B)
📄 gsoelim(42.55 KB)
📄 gss-client(24.56 KB)
📄 gtar(448.99 KB)
📄 gtbl(154.61 KB)
📄 gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64(16.29 KB)
📄 gtk-update-icon-cache(33.03 KB)
📄 gtroff(805.02 KB)
📄 gunzip(2.29 KB)
📄 gv2gml(24.7 KB)
📄 gv2gxl(41.3 KB)
📄 gvcolor(46.9 KB)
📄 gvgen(24.8 KB)
📄 gvmap(526.31 KB)
📄 gvmap.sh(2.14 KB)
📄 gvpack(460.59 KB)
📄 gvpr(7.83 KB)
📄 gxl2dot(41.3 KB)
📄 gxl2gv(41.3 KB)
📄 gzexe(6.23 KB)
📄 gzip(94.67 KB)
📄 h2ph(28.69 KB)
📄 h2xs(59.44 KB)
📄 hash(28 B)
📄 head(45.58 KB)
📄 hexdump(57.5 KB)
📄 hmac256(16.86 KB)
📄 host(142.3 KB)
📄 hostid(33.41 KB)
📄 hostname(21.16 KB)
📄 hostnamectl(20.83 KB)
📄 htdbm(31.72 KB)
📄 htdigest(21.71 KB)
📄 html2text(406 B)
📄 htop(304.73 KB)
📄 htpasswd(31.55 KB)
📄 httxt2dbm(21.1 KB)
📄 hunspell(144.7 KB)
📄 i386(20.76 KB)
📄 iceauth(41.87 KB)
📄 iconv(61.44 KB)
📄 id(45.52 KB)
📄 identify(11.84 KB)
📄 idiag-socket-details(12.09 KB)
📄 idle2(93 B)
📄 idle2.7(93 B)
📄 idn(39.41 KB)
📄 ifnames(4.03 KB)
📄 iio_event_monitor(22.98 KB)
📄 iio_generic_buffer(26.98 KB)
📄 import(11.84 KB)
📄 imunify-agent-proxy(6.99 MB)
📄 imunify-antivirus(1 KB)
📄 imunify-service(1020 B)
📄 imunify360-agent(1 KB)
📄 imunify360-command-wrapper(8.4 KB)
📄 info(249.89 KB)
📄 infocmp(61.05 KB)
📄 infotocap(85.31 KB)
📄 innochecksum(3.59 MB)
📄 install(156.25 KB)
📄 instmodsh(4.1 KB)
📄 intel-speed-select(93.02 KB)
📄 ionice(28.98 KB)
📄 iostat(57.69 KB)
📄 ipcalc(46.08 KB)
📄 ipcmk(29.14 KB)
📄 ipcrm(28.99 KB)
📄 ipcs(53.39 KB)
📄 isc-config.sh(3.33 KB)
📄 isosize(24.88 KB)
📄 ispell(988 B)
📄 isql(37.29 KB)
📄 iusql(29.68 KB)
📄 jobs(28 B)
📄 join(53.77 KB)
📄 journalctl(76.99 KB)
📄 json_pp(4.19 KB)
📄 json_reformat(16.55 KB)
📄 json_verify(12.27 KB)
📄 json_xs(6.84 KB)
📄 kbd_mode(12.55 KB)
📄 kbdinfo(16.56 KB)
📄 kbdrate(16.45 KB)
📄 kbxutil(177.32 KB)
📄 kdumpctl(32.93 KB)
📄 kernel-install(4.41 KB)
📄 keyctl(36.82 KB)
📄 kill(37.27 KB)
📄 killall(29.77 KB)
📄 kmod(159.95 KB)
📄 krb5-config(6.98 KB)
📄 kvm_stat(60.85 KB)
📄 last(49.23 KB)
📄 lastb(49.23 KB)
📄 lastcomm(37.8 KB)
📄 lastlog(20.62 KB)
📄 lchfn(20.35 KB)
📄 lchsh(16.35 KB)
📄 ld(1.71 MB)
📄 ld.bfd(1.71 MB)
📄 ld.gold(2.35 MB)
📄 ld.so(1.05 MB)
📄 ldd(5.31 KB)
📄 lefty(304.52 KB)
📄 less(173.76 KB)
📄 lessecho(12.4 KB)
📄 lesskey(21.99 KB)
📄 lesspipe.sh(3.07 KB)
📄 lex(428.45 KB)
📄 lexgrog(93.7 KB)
📄 libgcrypt-config(3.84 KB)
📄 libnetcfg(15.41 KB)
📄 libpng-config(2.33 KB)
📄 libpng16-config(2.33 KB)
📄 libtool(359.11 KB)
📄 libtoolize(126.17 KB)
📄 libwmf-fontmap(13.03 KB)
📄 link(33.41 KB)
📄 links(1.55 MB)
📄 linux-boot-prober(5.85 KB)
📄 linux32(20.76 KB)
📄 linux64(20.76 KB)
📄 ln(70.57 KB)
📄 lnav(3.57 MB)
📄 lneato(1.51 KB)
📄 loadkeys(210.53 KB)
📄 loadunimap(29.03 KB)
📄 locale(56.45 KB)
📄 localectl(28.86 KB)
📄 localedef(307.47 KB)
📄 locate(47.41 KB)
📄 logger(49.98 KB)
📄 login(40.96 KB)
📄 loginctl(57.28 KB)
📄 logname(33.42 KB)
📄 logresolve(21.45 KB)
📄 look(16.45 KB)
📄 ls(139.97 KB)
📄 lsattr(11.93 KB)
📄 lsblk(90.13 KB)
📄 lscpu(81.7 KB)
📄 lsgpio(15.06 KB)
📄 lsiio(22.98 KB)
📄 lsinitrd(8.68 KB)
📄 lsipc(73.74 KB)
📄 lslocks(37.53 KB)
📄 lslogins(65.6 KB)
📄 lsmcli(954 B)
📄 lsmd(24.88 KB)
📄 lsmem(45.34 KB)
📄 lsns(49.28 KB)
📄 lsof(175.4 KB)
📄 lsphp(937 B)
📄 lsscsi(86.01 KB)
📄 lsusb(244.14 KB)
📄 lsusb.py(14.89 KB)
📄 lua(20.45 KB)
📄 luac(152.77 KB)
📄 lwp-download(10.05 KB)
📄 lwp-dump(2.65 KB)
📄 lwp-mirror(2.36 KB)
📄 lwp-request(15.84 KB)
📄 lynx(1.84 MB)
📄 lzcat(82.09 KB)
📄 lzcmp(6.48 KB)
📄 lzdiff(6.48 KB)
📄 lzegrep(5.76 KB)
📄 lzfgrep(5.76 KB)
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📄 lzmadec(16.48 KB)
📄 lzmainfo(12.36 KB)
📄 lzmore(2.11 KB)
📄 m4(185.56 KB)
📄 mac2unix(58.54 KB)
📄 mail(408.89 KB)
📄 mailx(408.89 KB)
📄 make(235.32 KB)
📄 make-dummy-cert(610 B)
📄 makedb(24.84 KB)
📄 man(112.52 KB)
📄 mandb(134.52 KB)
📄 manpath(33.42 KB)
📄 mapscrn(24.84 KB)
📄 mariadb(4.34 MB)
📄 mariadb-access(109.34 KB)
📄 mariadb-admin(3.88 MB)
📄 mariadb-binlog(4.14 MB)
📄 mariadb-check(3.88 MB)
📄 mariadb-config(12.2 KB)
📄 mariadb-conv(3.59 MB)
📄 mariadb-convert-table-format(4.12 KB)
📄 mariadb-dump(3.96 MB)
📄 mariadb-dumpslow(8.05 KB)
📄 mariadb-embedded(22.6 MB)
📄 mariadb-find-rows(3.21 KB)
📄 mariadb-fix-extensions(1.22 KB)
📄 mariadb-hotcopy(34.15 KB)
📄 mariadb-import(3.87 MB)
📄 mariadb-install-db(22.46 KB)
📄 mariadb-plugin(3.57 MB)
📄 mariadb-secure-installation(13.49 KB)
📄 mariadb-service-convert(2.45 KB)
📄 mariadb-setpermission(17.56 KB)
📄 mariadb-show(3.87 MB)
📄 mariadb-slap(3.89 MB)
📄 mariadb-tzinfo-to-sql(3.57 MB)
📄 mariadb-upgrade(4 MB)
📄 mariadb-waitpid(3.55 MB)
📄 mariadb_config(12.2 KB)
📄 mariadbd-multi(26.71 KB)
📄 mariadbd-safe(30.42 KB)
📄 mariadbd-safe-helper(3.52 MB)
📄 mc(1.3 MB)
📄 mcdiff(1.3 MB)
📄 mcedit(1.3 MB)
📄 mcookie(33.26 KB)
📄 mcpp(9.02 KB)
📄 mcview(1.3 MB)
📄 md5sum(45.62 KB)
📄 mdig(48.52 KB)
📄 memstrack(83.78 KB)
📄 mesg(16.36 KB)
📄 mkdir(82.79 KB)
📄 mkfifo(66.56 KB)
📄 mkfontdir(65 B)
📄 mkfontscale(41.59 KB)
📄 mkinitrd(6.43 KB)
📄 mknod(70.55 KB)
📄 mktemp(45.73 KB)
📄 mm2gv(90.53 KB)
📄 mmdblookup(16.74 KB)
📄 modulecmd(384.75 KB)
📄 modulemd-validator(24.96 KB)
📄 modutil(177.2 KB)
📄 mogrify(11.84 KB)
📄 montage(11.84 KB)
📄 more(44.94 KB)
📄 mount(49.15 KB)
📄 mountpoint(16.48 KB)
📄 mpicalc(20.38 KB)
📄 mpstat(53.51 KB)
📄 msgattrib(25.58 KB)
📄 msgcat(25.55 KB)
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📄 msgconv(21.55 KB)
📄 msgen(21.55 KB)
📄 msgexec(21.55 KB)
📄 msgfilter(34.53 KB)
📄 msgfmt(90.3 KB)
📄 msgfmt2.7.py(6.33 KB)
📄 msgfmt2.py(6.33 KB)
📄 msggrep(43.6 KB)
📄 msginit(67.85 KB)
📄 msgmerge(71.48 KB)
📄 msgunfmt(35.8 KB)
📄 msguniq(25.56 KB)
📄 msql2mysql(1.41 KB)
📄 multitail(329.2 KB)
📄 mv(144.03 KB)
📄 my_print_defaults(3.56 MB)
📄 myisam_ftdump(3.89 MB)
📄 myisamchk(4.01 MB)
📄 myisamlog(3.87 MB)
📄 myisampack(3.91 MB)
📄 mysql(4.34 MB)
📄 mysql_config(4.51 KB)
📄 mysql_embedded(22.6 MB)
📄 mysql_find_rows(3.21 KB)
📄 mysql_fix_extensions(1.22 KB)
📄 mysql_install_db(22.46 KB)
📄 mysql_plugin(3.57 MB)
📄 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql(3.57 MB)
📄 mysql_upgrade(4 MB)
📄 mysql_waitpid(3.55 MB)
📄 mysqlaccess(109.34 KB)
📄 mysqladmin(3.88 MB)
📄 mysqlbinlog(4.14 MB)
📄 mysqlcheck(3.88 MB)
📄 mysqld_multi(26.71 KB)
📄 mysqld_safe(30.42 KB)
📄 mysqld_safe_helper(3.52 MB)
📄 mysqldump(3.96 MB)
📄 mysqlimport(3.87 MB)
📄 mysqlshow(3.87 MB)
📄 mysqlslap(3.89 MB)
📄 mytop(71.95 KB)
📄 nail(408.89 KB)
📄 named-rrchecker(19.88 KB)
📄 namei(33.1 KB)
📄 nano(247.94 KB)
📄 nc(436.87 KB)
📄 ncat(436.87 KB)
📄 ncdu(89.88 KB)
📄 ncurses6-config(5.87 KB)
📄 ncursesw6-config(5.88 KB)
📄 ndptool(24.45 KB)
📄 neato(12.26 KB)
📄 needs-restarting(3.62 KB)
📄 neqn(908 B)
📄 net-snmp-create-v3-user(3.15 KB)
📄 netstat(158.68 KB)
📄 newgidmap(47.8 KB)
📄 newgrp(42.45 KB)
📄 newuidmap(47.76 KB)
📄 nf-ct-add(16.46 KB)
📄 nf-ct-events(12.38 KB)
📄 nf-ct-list(16.49 KB)
📄 nf-exp-add(16.87 KB)
📄 nf-exp-delete(16.66 KB)
📄 nf-exp-list(16.49 KB)
📄 nf-log(12.35 KB)
📄 nf-monitor(12.36 KB)
📄 nf-queue(16.35 KB)
📄 ngettext(48.97 KB)
📄 nice(37.41 KB)
📄 nisdomainname(21.16 KB)
📄 nl(45.63 KB)
📄 nl-addr-add(12.34 KB)
📄 nl-addr-delete(16.77 KB)
📄 nl-addr-list(16.88 KB)
📄 nl-class-add(16.73 KB)
📄 nl-class-delete(12.63 KB)
📄 nl-class-list(12.59 KB)
📄 nl-classid-lookup(12.47 KB)
📄 nl-cls-add(16.77 KB)
📄 nl-cls-delete(16.77 KB)
📄 nl-cls-list(12.73 KB)
📄 nl-fib-lookup(12.5 KB)
📄 nl-link-enslave(11.87 KB)
📄 nl-link-ifindex2name(11.87 KB)
📄 nl-link-list(12.23 KB)
📄 nl-link-name2ifindex(11.86 KB)
📄 nl-link-release(11.86 KB)
📄 nl-link-set(12.77 KB)
📄 nl-link-stats(12.59 KB)
📄 nl-list-caches(12.27 KB)
📄 nl-list-sockets(11.87 KB)
📄 nl-monitor(12.52 KB)
📄 nl-neigh-add(12.63 KB)
📄 nl-neigh-delete(12.66 KB)
📄 nl-neigh-list(12.19 KB)
📄 nl-neightbl-list(12.01 KB)
📄 nl-pktloc-lookup(12.56 KB)
📄 nl-qdisc-add(12.65 KB)
📄 nl-qdisc-delete(12.63 KB)
📄 nl-qdisc-list(16.74 KB)
📄 nl-route-add(16.39 KB)
📄 nl-route-delete(16.88 KB)
📄 nl-route-get(12.35 KB)
📄 nl-route-list(16.44 KB)
📄 nl-rule-list(12.05 KB)
📄 nl-tctree-list(12.66 KB)
📄 nl-util-addr(11.85 KB)
📄 nload(234.35 KB)
📄 nm(50.38 KB)
📄 nm-online(20.84 KB)
📄 nmcli(1009.01 KB)
📄 nmtui(784.12 KB)
📄 nmtui-connect(784.12 KB)
📄 nmtui-edit(784.12 KB)
📄 nmtui-hostname(784.12 KB)
📄 node(29.74 MB)
📄 nohup(37.48 KB)
📄 nop(12.5 KB)
📄 npm(2.83 KB)
📄 nproc(37.48 KB)
📄 npx(173 B)
📄 nroff(3.23 KB)
📄 nsenter(33.3 KB)
📄 nslookup(146.26 KB)
📄 nss-policy-check(16.3 KB)
📄 nsupdate(73.05 KB)
📄 numfmt(65.71 KB)
📄 objcopy(240.07 KB)
📄 objdump(419.76 KB)
📄 od(73.88 KB)
📄 odbc_config(13.05 KB)
📄 odbcinst(37.68 KB)
📄 oddjob_request(41.24 KB)
📄 open(20.97 KB)
📄 openssl(745.95 KB)
📄 openvt(20.97 KB)
📄 os-prober(5.78 KB)
📄 osage(12.26 KB)
📄 p11-kit(37.15 KB)
📄 package-cleanup(3.62 KB)
📄 page_owner_sort(11.34 KB)
📄 pango-list(11.88 KB)
📄 pango-view(57.44 KB)
📄 paperconf(13.07 KB)
📄 passwd(32.77 KB)
📄 paste(37.46 KB)
📄 patch(206.46 KB)
📄 patchwork(12.26 KB)
📄 pathchk(37.41 KB)
📄 pathfix.py(6.63 KB)
📄 pcre2-config(1.9 KB)
📄 pdf2dsc(698 B)
📄 pdf2ps(909 B)
📄 peekfd(16.51 KB)
📄 perl(12.43 KB)
📄 perl5.26.3(12.43 KB)
📄 perlbug(44.39 KB)
📄 perldoc(118 B)
📄 perlivp(10.56 KB)
📄 perlml(6.86 KB)
📄 perlthanks(44.39 KB)
📄 perror(3.75 MB)
📄 pflags(2.57 KB)
📄 pftp(101.2 KB)
📄 pgrep(28.84 KB)
📄 php(937 B)
📄 pic(293.84 KB)
📄 piconv(8.08 KB)
📄 pidof(16.7 KB)
📄 pidstat(65.72 KB)
📄 pigz(125.38 KB)
📄 pinentry(2.35 KB)
📄 pinentry-curses(77.89 KB)
📄 pinfo(109.34 KB)
📄 ping(66.13 KB)
📄 pinky(41.53 KB)
📄 pip-2(206 B)
📄 pip-2.7(206 B)
📄 pip-3(209 B)
📄 pip-3.6(209 B)
📄 pip2(206 B)
📄 pip2.7(206 B)
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📄 pip3.6(209 B)
📄 pk12util(106.88 KB)
📄 pkaction(16.38 KB)
📄 pkcheck(24.43 KB)
📄 pkexec(28.41 KB)
📄 pkg-config(40.04 KB)
📄 pkgconf(40.04 KB)
📄 pkill(28.84 KB)
📄 pkla-admin-identities(25.72 KB)
📄 pkla-check-authorization(33.78 KB)
📄 pkttyagent(20.38 KB)
📄 pl2pm(4.43 KB)
📄 pldd(16.75 KB)
📄 plesk_configure(342 B)
📄 plymouth(45.36 KB)
📄 pmap(32.78 KB)
📄 png-fix-itxt(13.04 KB)
📄 pngfix(53.53 KB)
📄 pod2html(4.04 KB)
📄 pod2man(14.68 KB)
📄 pod2text(10.55 KB)
📄 pod2usage(3.86 KB)
📄 podchecker(3.57 KB)
📄 podselect(2.47 KB)
📄 post-grohtml(238.73 KB)
📄 powernow-k8-decode(10.88 KB)
📄 pr(82.23 KB)
📄 pre-grohtml(130.55 KB)
📄 precat(5.52 KB)
📄 preconv(57.65 KB)
📄 preunzip(5.52 KB)
📄 prezip(5.52 KB)
📄 prezip-bin(11.98 KB)
📄 printenv(33.4 KB)
📄 printf(53.64 KB)
📄 prlimit(37.54 KB)
📄 procan(82.6 KB)
📄 protoc(16.48 KB)
📄 protoc-c(244.79 KB)
📄 protoc-gen-c(244.79 KB)
📄 prove(13.24 KB)
📄 prtstat(20.51 KB)
📄 prune(16.73 KB)
📄 ps(134.75 KB)
📄 ps2ascii(631 B)
📄 ps2epsi(2.69 KB)
📄 ps2pdf(272 B)
📄 ps2pdf12(215 B)
📄 ps2pdf13(215 B)
📄 ps2pdf14(215 B)
📄 ps2pdfwr(1.07 KB)
📄 ps2ps(647 B)
📄 ps2ps2(669 B)
📄 ps_mem(17.69 KB)
📄 psfaddtable(20.66 KB)
📄 psfgettable(20.66 KB)
📄 psfstriptable(20.66 KB)
📄 psfxtable(20.66 KB)
📄 pslog(12.48 KB)
📄 pstree(33.53 KB)
📄 pstree.x11(33.53 KB)
📄 ptar(3.38 KB)
📄 ptardiff(2.48 KB)
📄 ptargrep(4.2 KB)
📄 ptx(78.07 KB)
📄 pure-pw(38.83 KB)
📄 pure-pwconvert(10.72 KB)
📄 pure-statsdecode(10.72 KB)
📄 pwd(37.5 KB)
📄 pwdx(12.68 KB)
📄 pwmake(12.27 KB)
📄 pwscore(12.27 KB)
📄 pydoc-3(89 B)
📄 pydoc2(78 B)
📄 pydoc2.7(78 B)
📄 pydoc3(89 B)
📄 pydoc3.6(89 B)
📄 pygettext2.7.py(21.56 KB)
📄 pygettext2.py(21.56 KB)
📄 pynche2(138 B)
📄 pynche2.7(138 B)
📄 python-html2text(406 B)
📄 python2(7.84 KB)
📄 python2-config(1.8 KB)
📄 python2.7(7.84 KB)
📄 python2.7-config(1.8 KB)
📄 python3(11.59 KB)
📄 python3-config(204 B)
📄 python3-html2text(406 B)
📄 python3.6(11.59 KB)
📄 python3.6-config(204 B)
📄 python3.6m(11.59 KB)
📄 python3.6m-config(204 B)
📄 python3.6m-x86_64-config(3.54 KB)
📄 pyvenv-3(446 B)
📄 pyvenv-3.6(446 B)
📄 quota(91.49 KB)
📄 quotasync(74.69 KB)
📄 ranlib(61.98 KB)
📄 raw(16.49 KB)
📄 read(28 B)
📄 readelf(624.54 KB)
📄 readlink(45.96 KB)
📄 realpath(50.02 KB)
📄 recode-sr-latin(17.99 KB)
📄 red(89 B)
📄 rename(16.5 KB)
📄 renew-dummy-cert(725 B)
📄 renice(16.46 KB)
📄 replace(3.54 MB)
📄 repo-graph(3.62 KB)
📄 repoclosure(3.62 KB)
📄 repodiff(3.62 KB)
📄 repomanage(3.62 KB)
📄 repoquery(3.62 KB)
📄 reposync(3.62 KB)
📄 repotrack(3.62 KB)
📄 rescan-scsi-bus.sh(38.24 KB)
📄 reset(24.76 KB)
📄 resizecons(20.77 KB)
📄 resolve_stack_dump(3.56 MB)
📄 resolvectl(195.74 KB)
📄 resolveip(3.56 MB)
📄 rev(12.45 KB)
📄 rm(70.47 KB)
📄 rmdir(45.54 KB)
📄 rnano(247.94 KB)
📄 rpcbind(61.55 KB)
📄 rpcinfo(32.64 KB)
📄 rpm(20.85 KB)
📄 rpm2archive(20.46 KB)
📄 rpm2cpio(11.84 KB)
📄 rpmdb(16.96 KB)
📄 rpmkeys(16.87 KB)
📄 rpmquery(20.85 KB)
📄 rpmverify(20.85 KB)
📄 rsync(510.15 KB)
📄 rsyslog-recover-qi.pl(5.96 KB)
📄 run-parts(1.94 KB)
📄 run-with-aspell(85 B)
📄 runcon(37.45 KB)
📄 rvi(1.13 MB)
📄 rview(1.13 MB)
📄 rvim(2.93 MB)
📄 sadf(334.57 KB)
📄 sar(135.77 KB)
📄 sccmap(20.62 KB)
📄 scl(36.87 KB)
📄 scl_enabled(258 B)
📄 scl_source(1.82 KB)
📄 scp(102.85 KB)
📄 screen(482.46 KB)
📄 script(36.79 KB)
📄 scriptreplay(28.99 KB)
📄 scsi-rescan(38.24 KB)
📄 scsi_logging_level(8.38 KB)
📄 scsi_mandat(3.52 KB)
📄 scsi_readcap(1.3 KB)
📄 scsi_ready(1.09 KB)
📄 scsi_satl(3.77 KB)
📄 scsi_start(1.25 KB)
📄 scsi_stop(1.44 KB)
📄 scsi_temperature(936 B)
📄 sdiff(105.33 KB)
📄 secon(25.46 KB)
📄 secret-tool(21.17 KB)
📄 sed(115.48 KB)
📄 semodule_expand(12.28 KB)
📄 semodule_link(12.28 KB)
📄 semodule_package(16.68 KB)
📄 semodule_unpackage(12.3 KB)
📄 seq(53.52 KB)
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📄 setfacl(37.65 KB)
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📄 setfont(45.19 KB)
📄 setkeycodes(12.56 KB)
📄 setleds(16.6 KB)
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📄 setup-nsssysinit(1.5 KB)
📄 setup-nsssysinit.sh(1.5 KB)
📄 setvtrgb(16.64 KB)
📄 sfdp(12.26 KB)
📄 sftp(159.74 KB)
📄 sg(42.45 KB)
📄 sg_bg_ctl(16.07 KB)
📄 sg_compare_and_write(20.9 KB)
📄 sg_copy_results(20.81 KB)
📄 sg_dd(44.58 KB)
📄 sg_decode_sense(20.33 KB)
📄 sg_emc_trespass(12.26 KB)
📄 sg_format(33.37 KB)
📄 sg_get_config(33.31 KB)
📄 sg_get_lba_status(20.46 KB)
📄 sg_ident(16.17 KB)
📄 sg_inq(117.91 KB)
📄 sg_logs(150.02 KB)
📄 sg_luns(24.85 KB)
📄 sg_map(16.41 KB)
📄 sg_map26(24.87 KB)
📄 sg_modes(43.88 KB)
📄 sg_opcodes(28.69 KB)
📄 sg_persist(34.13 KB)
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📄 sg_raw(24.38 KB)
📄 sg_rbuf(20.84 KB)
📄 sg_rdac(15.88 KB)
📄 sg_read(24.41 KB)
📄 sg_read_attr(34.79 KB)
📄 sg_read_block_limits(12.12 KB)
📄 sg_read_buffer(20.96 KB)
📄 sg_read_long(16.27 KB)
📄 sg_readcap(20.86 KB)
📄 sg_reassign(16.22 KB)
📄 sg_referrals(16.23 KB)
📄 sg_rep_zones(20.66 KB)
📄 sg_requests(16.3 KB)
📄 sg_reset(16.73 KB)
📄 sg_reset_wp(16.17 KB)
📄 sg_rmsn(12.06 KB)
📄 sg_rtpg(16.16 KB)
📄 sg_safte(20.27 KB)
📄 sg_sanitize(24.58 KB)
📄 sg_sat_identify(16.71 KB)
📄 sg_sat_phy_event(20.59 KB)
📄 sg_sat_read_gplog(16.3 KB)
📄 sg_sat_set_features(16.27 KB)
📄 sg_scan(16.5 KB)
📄 sg_seek(16.85 KB)
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📄 sg_ses(118.23 KB)
📄 sg_ses_microcode(29.48 KB)
📄 sg_start(20.93 KB)
📄 sg_stpg(20.3 KB)
📄 sg_stream_ctl(20.27 KB)
📄 sg_sync(16.22 KB)
📄 sg_test_rwbuf(20.73 KB)
📄 sg_timestamp(20.74 KB)
📄 sg_turs(16.74 KB)
📄 sg_unmap(24.32 KB)
📄 sg_verify(20.46 KB)
📄 sg_vpd(108.75 KB)
📄 sg_wr_mode(20.3 KB)
📄 sg_write_buffer(21.24 KB)
📄 sg_write_long(16.33 KB)
📄 sg_write_same(24.48 KB)
📄 sg_write_verify(20.78 KB)
📄 sg_write_x(53.75 KB)
📄 sg_xcopy(40.59 KB)
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📄 sginfo(74.85 KB)
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📄 sha1hmac(32.66 KB)
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📄 showconsolefont(20.73 KB)
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📄 shred(61.94 KB)
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📄 signver(110.59 KB)
📄 sim_client(16.28 KB)
📄 sim_lsmplugin(1.22 KB)
📄 simc_lsmplugin(114.45 KB)
📄 size(33.25 KB)
📄 skill(28.8 KB)
📄 slabinfo(36.15 KB)
📄 slabtop(20.84 KB)
📄 sleep(37.47 KB)
📄 slencheck(13.07 KB)
📄 sm3hmac(32.66 KB)
📄 smtpd2.7.py(18.11 KB)
📄 smtpd2.py(18.11 KB)
📄 snice(28.8 KB)
📄 snmpconf(25.44 KB)
📄 socat(406.49 KB)
📄 soelim(42.55 KB)
📄 sort(123.55 KB)
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📄 spell(122 B)
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📄 sqlite3(1.28 MB)
📄 ssh(757.54 KB)
📄 ssh-add(346.13 KB)
📄 ssh-agent(325.58 KB)
📄 ssh-copy-id(10.44 KB)
📄 ssh-keygen(427.16 KB)
📄 ssh-keyscan(428.57 KB)
📄 ssltap(126.29 KB)
📄 sss_ssh_authorizedkeys(28.79 KB)
📄 sss_ssh_knownhostsproxy(28.79 KB)
📄 stat(86.23 KB)
📄 stdbuf(49.58 KB)
📄 strace(1.94 MB)
📄 strace-log-merge(1.78 KB)
📄 stream(11.83 KB)
📄 strings(37.43 KB)
📄 strip(240.09 KB)
📄 stty(77.68 KB)
📄 su(48.98 KB)
📄 sudo(186.52 KB)
📄 sudoedit(186.52 KB)
📄 sudoreplay(115.2 KB)
📄 sum(45.61 KB)
📄 switch_mod_lsapi(30.99 KB)
📄 sxpm(28.81 KB)
📄 symlinks(17.16 KB)
📄 sync(37.43 KB)
📄 systemctl(218.45 KB)
📄 systemd-analyze(1.55 MB)
📄 systemd-ask-password(12.02 KB)
📄 systemd-cat(16.03 KB)
📄 systemd-cgls(16.44 KB)
📄 systemd-cgtop(32.88 KB)
📄 systemd-delta(24.45 KB)
📄 systemd-detect-virt(11.88 KB)
📄 systemd-escape(16.01 KB)
📄 systemd-firstboot(36.98 KB)
📄 systemd-hwdb(28.91 KB)
📄 systemd-inhibit(16.03 KB)
📄 systemd-machine-id-setup(24.75 KB)
📄 systemd-mount(52.63 KB)
📄 systemd-notify(16.03 KB)
📄 systemd-path(16.02 KB)
📄 systemd-resolve(195.74 KB)
📄 systemd-run(48.94 KB)
📄 systemd-socket-activate(24.77 KB)
📄 systemd-stdio-bridge(16.02 KB)
📄 systemd-sysusers(53.05 KB)
📄 systemd-tmpfiles(73.29 KB)
📄 systemd-tty-ask-password-agent(32.82 KB)
📄 systemd-umount(52.63 KB)
📄 tabs(16.55 KB)
📄 tac(41.57 KB)
📄 tail(74.2 KB)
📄 tapestat(41.32 KB)
📄 tar(448.99 KB)
📄 taskset(37.25 KB)
📄 tbl(154.61 KB)
📄 tcamgr(25.13 KB)
📄 tcamttest(21.16 KB)
📄 tcatest(57.6 KB)
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📄 tcbmttest(53.22 KB)
📄 tcbtest(69.56 KB)
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📄 tcftest(45.18 KB)
📄 tchmgr(25.09 KB)
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📄 tchtest(57.53 KB)
📄 tclsh(9.04 KB)
📄 tclsh8.6(9.04 KB)
📄 tcptraceroute(1.55 KB)
📄 tctmgr(37.09 KB)
📄 tctmttest(45.2 KB)
📄 tcttest(57.19 KB)
📄 tcucodec(37.08 KB)
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📄 tcutest(73.17 KB)
📄 teamd(160.52 KB)
📄 teamdctl(30.37 KB)
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📄 tee(41.55 KB)
📄 telnet(104.88 KB)
📄 test(53.63 KB)
📄 tic(85.31 KB)
📄 time(27.54 KB)
📄 timedatectl(36.96 KB)
📄 timeout(41.93 KB)
📄 tload(16.76 KB)
📄 tmon(39.63 KB)
📄 tmpwatch(35.47 KB)
📄 toe(16.45 KB)
📄 top(121.7 KB)
📄 touch(94.02 KB)
📄 tput(24.8 KB)
📄 tr(49.7 KB)
📄 tracepath(20.44 KB)
📄 traceroute(70.97 KB)
📄 traceroute6(70.97 KB)
📄 tred(16.59 KB)
📄 tree(81.59 KB)
📄 troff(805.02 KB)
📄 true(33.4 KB)
📄 truncate(41.44 KB)
📄 trust(219.55 KB)
📄 tset(24.76 KB)
📄 tsort(41.57 KB)
📄 tty(33.39 KB)
📄 turbostat(130.8 KB)
📄 twopi(12.26 KB)
📄 type(28 B)
📄 tzselect(15.01 KB)
📄 uapi(3.18 MB)
📄 ucs2any(24.41 KB)
📄 udevadm(424.59 KB)
📄 ul(20.58 KB)
📄 ulimit(30 B)
📄 umask(29 B)
📄 umount(32.75 KB)
📄 unalias(31 B)
📄 uname(37.41 KB)
📄 uname26(20.76 KB)
📄 unexpand(45.68 KB)
📄 unflatten(16.63 KB)
📄 unicode_start(2.55 KB)
📄 unicode_stop(363 B)
📄 uniq(49.72 KB)
📄 unix2dos(58.53 KB)
📄 unix2mac(58.53 KB)
📄 unlink(33.41 KB)
📄 unlzma(82.09 KB)
📄 unpigz(125.38 KB)
📄 unshare(24.92 KB)
📄 unversioned-python(157 B)
📄 unxz(82.09 KB)
📄 unzip(201.88 KB)
📄 unzipsfx(101.48 KB)
📄 update-ca-trust(1.24 KB)
📄 update-crypto-policies(87 B)
📄 update-desktop-database(24.55 KB)
📄 update-gtk-immodules(313 B)
📄 update-mime-database(57.22 KB)
📄 updatedb(53.84 KB)
📄 uptime(12.59 KB)
📄 usb-devices(4.01 KB)
📄 usbhid-dump(31.04 KB)
📄 users(37.47 KB)
📄 usleep(11.85 KB)
📄 utmpdump(28.66 KB)
📄 uuclient(15.88 KB)
📄 uuidgen(16.37 KB)
📄 uuidparse(37.13 KB)
📄 vdir(139.97 KB)
📄 vdo(5 KB)
📄 vdo-by-dev(1.83 KB)
📄 vdodmeventd(62.45 KB)
📄 vdodumpconfig(536.63 KB)
📄 vdoforcerebuild(524.27 KB)
📄 vdoformat(549.13 KB)
📄 vdosetuuid(536.66 KB)
📄 vdostats(10.26 KB)
📄 verify_blkparse(11.87 KB)
📄 vi(1.13 MB)
📄 view(1.13 MB)
📄 vim(2.93 MB)
📄 vimdiff(2.93 MB)
📄 vimdot(1.06 KB)
📄 vimtutor(2.07 KB)
📄 vlock(20.83 KB)
📄 vmstat(36.79 KB)
📄 w(20.75 KB)
📄 wait(28 B)
📄 wall(33.05 KB)
📄 watch(29.19 KB)
📄 watchgnupg(16.43 KB)
📄 wc(49.72 KB)
📄 wdctl(36.98 KB)
📄 wget(521.41 KB)
📄 whatis(54.04 KB)
📄 whereis(29.27 KB)
📄 which(29.44 KB)
📄 whiptail(33.09 KB)
📄 who(53.68 KB)
📄 whoami(33.41 KB)
📄 wish(13.05 KB)
📄 wish8.6(13.05 KB)
📄 wmf2eps(17.15 KB)
📄 wmf2fig(17.15 KB)
📄 wmf2gd(17.14 KB)
📄 wmf2svg(17.16 KB)
📄 wmf2x(17.13 KB)
📄 word-list-compress(11.99 KB)
📄 write(20.62 KB)
📄 wsrep_sst_backup(2.39 KB)
📄 wsrep_sst_common(66.86 KB)
📄 wsrep_sst_mariabackup(49.47 KB)
📄 wsrep_sst_mysqldump(8.1 KB)
📄 wsrep_sst_rsync(29.72 KB)
📄 wsrep_sst_rsync_wan(29.72 KB)
📄 x86_64(20.76 KB)
📄 x86_64-redhat-linux-c++(1.21 MB)
📄 x86_64-redhat-linux-g++(1.21 MB)
📄 x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc(1.21 MB)
📄 x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc-8(1.21 MB)
📄 x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-pkg-config(424 B)
📄 x86_energy_perf_policy(31.95 KB)
📄 xargs(74.11 KB)
📄 xdg-desktop-icon(20.61 KB)
📄 xdg-desktop-menu(43.42 KB)
📄 xdg-email(26.56 KB)
📄 xdg-icon-resource(29.89 KB)
📄 xdg-mime(41.68 KB)
📄 xdg-open(24.76 KB)
📄 xdg-screensaver(36.9 KB)
📄 xdg-settings(37.04 KB)
📄 xgamma(17.08 KB)
📄 xgettext(283.88 KB)
📄 xhost(17.12 KB)
📄 xinput(63.61 KB)
📄 xkill(17.1 KB)
📄 xml2-config(1.71 KB)
📄 xmlcatalog(20.38 KB)
📄 xmllint(73.37 KB)
📄 xmlwf(32.96 KB)
📄 xmodmap(39.98 KB)
📄 xorg-x11-fonts-update-dirs(1.29 KB)
📄 xrandr(65.46 KB)
📄 xrdb(33.98 KB)
📄 xrefresh(17.94 KB)
📄 xset(37.2 KB)
📄 xsetpointer(13.05 KB)
📄 xsetroot(21.44 KB)
📄 xslt-config(2.36 KB)
📄 xsltproc(28.47 KB)
📄 xstdcmap(17.68 KB)
📄 xsubpp(4.96 KB)
📄 xxd(20.52 KB)
📄 xz(82.09 KB)
📄 xzcat(82.09 KB)
📄 xzcmp(6.48 KB)
📄 xzdec(16.48 KB)
📄 xzdiff(6.48 KB)
📄 xzegrep(5.76 KB)
📄 xzfgrep(5.76 KB)
📄 xzgrep(5.76 KB)
📄 xzless(1.76 KB)
📄 xzmore(2.11 KB)
📄 yat2m(33.34 KB)
📄 yes(33.45 KB)
📄 ypdomainname(21.16 KB)
📄 yum(2.05 KB)
📄 yum-builddep(3.62 KB)
📄 yum-config-manager(3.62 KB)
📄 yum-debug-dump(3.62 KB)
📄 yum-debug-restore(3.62 KB)
📄 yum-groups-manager(3.62 KB)
📄 yumdownloader(3.62 KB)
📄 zcat(1.94 KB)
📄 zcmp(1.64 KB)
📄 zdiff(5.74 KB)
📄 zegrep(29 B)
📄 zfgrep(29 B)
📄 zforce(2.03 KB)
📄 zgrep(7.4 KB)
📄 zip(229 KB)
📄 zipcloak(102.91 KB)
📄 zipdetails(49.39 KB)
📄 zipgrep(2.88 KB)
📄 zipinfo(201.88 KB)
📄 zipnote(97.76 KB)
📄 zipsplit(97.76 KB)
📄 zless(2.15 KB)
📄 zmore(1.8 KB)
📄 znew(4.45 KB)
📄 zsoelim(42.55 KB)

Editing: mariadbd-multi

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
# Copyright (c) 2010, 2017, MariaDB Corporation
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
# of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Library General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
# Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
# MA 02110-1335  USA

use Getopt::Long;
use POSIX qw(strftime getcwd);
use File::Path qw(mkpath);

$|=1;
$VER="3.0";

my @defaults_options;   #  Leading --no-defaults, --defaults-file, etc.

$opt_example       = 0;
$opt_help          = 0;
$opt_log           = undef();
$opt_mysqladmin    = "/usr/bin/mariadb-admin";
$opt_mysqld        = "/usr/sbin/mariadbd";
$opt_no_log        = 0;
$opt_password      = undef();
$opt_tcp_ip        = 0;
$opt_user          = "root";
$opt_version       = 0;
$opt_silent        = 0;
$opt_verbose       = 0;
$opt_wsrep_new_cluster = 0;

my $my_print_defaults_exists= 1;
my $logdir= undef();

my ($mysqld, $mysqladmin, $groupids, $homedir, $my_progname);

$homedir = $ENV{HOME};
$my_progname = $0;
$my_progname =~ s/.*[\/]//;

if (defined($ENV{UMASK})) {
  my $UMASK = $ENV{UMASK};
  my $m;
  my $fmode = "0640";

if(($UMASK =~ m/[^0246]/) || ($UMASK =~ m/^[^0]/) || (length($UMASK) != 4)) {
    printf("UMASK must be a 3-digit mode with an additional leading 0 to indicate octal.\n");
    printf("The first digit will be corrected to 6, the others may be 0, 2, 4, or 6.\n"); }
  else {
    $fmode= substr $UMASK, 2, 2;
    $fmode= "06${fmode}"; }

if($fmode != $UMASK) {
    printf("UMASK corrected from $UMASK to $fmode ...\n"); }

$fmode= oct($fmode);

umask($fmode);
}

main();

####
#### main sub routine
####

sub main
{
  my $flag_exit= 0;

if (!defined(my_which(my_print_defaults)))
  {
    # We can't throw out yet, since --version, --help, or --example may
    # have been given
    print "WARNING: my_print_defaults command not found.\n";
    print "Please make sure you have this command available and\n";
    print "in your path. The command is available from the latest\n";
    print "MariaDB distribution.\n";
    $my_print_defaults_exists= 0;
  }

# Remove leading defaults options from @ARGV
  while (@ARGV > 0)
  {
    last unless $ARGV[0] =~
      /^--(?:no-defaults$|(?:defaults-file|defaults-extra-file)=)/;
    push @defaults_options, (shift @ARGV);
  }

foreach (@defaults_options)
  {
    $_ = quote_shell_word($_);
  }

# Add [mysqld_multi] options to front of @ARGV, ready for GetOptions()
  unshift @ARGV, defaults_for_group('mysqld_multi');

# We've already handled --no-defaults, --defaults-file, etc.
  if (!GetOptions("help", "example", "version", "mysqld=s", "mysqladmin=s",
                  "user=s", "password=s", "log=s", "no-log",
                  "tcp-ip",  "silent", "verbose", "wsrep-new-cluster"))
  {
    $flag_exit= 1;
  }
  usage() if ($opt_help);

if ($opt_verbose && $opt_silent)
  {
    print "Both --verbose and --silent have been given. Some of the warnings ";
    print "will be disabled\nand some will be enabled.\n\n";
  }

init_log() if (!defined($opt_log));
  $groupids = $ARGV[1];
  if ($opt_version)
  {
    print "$my_progname version $VER by Jani Tolonen\n";
    exit(0);
  }
  example() if ($opt_example);
  if ($flag_exit)
  {
    print "Error with an option, see $my_progname --help for more info.\n";
    exit(1);
  }
  if (!defined(my_which(my_print_defaults)))
  {
    print "ABORT: Can't find command 'my_print_defaults'.\n";
    print "This command is available from the latest MariaDB\n";
    print "distribution. Please make sure you have the command\n";
    print "in your PATH.\n";
    exit(1);
  }
  usage() if (!defined($ARGV[0]) ||
	      (!($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) &&
	       !($ARGV[0] =~ m/^stop$/i) &&
	       !($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i) &&
	       !($ARGV[0] =~ m/^report$/i)));

if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("$my_progname log file version $VER; run: ",
	  "$opt_log", 1, 0);
  }
  else
  {
    print "$my_progname log file version $VER; run: ";
    print strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime;
    print "\n";
  }
  if (($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) || ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i))
  {
    if (!defined(($mysqld= my_which($opt_mysqld))) && $opt_verbose)
    {
      print "WARNING: Couldn't find the default mysqld binary.\n";
      print "Tried: $opt_mysqld\n";
      print "This is OK, if you are using option \"mysqld=...\" in ";
      print "groups [mysqldN] separately for each.\n\n";
    }
    if ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) {
      start_mysqlds();
    } elsif ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i) {
      reload_mysqlds();
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (!defined(($mysqladmin= my_which($opt_mysqladmin))) && $opt_verbose)
    {
      print "WARNING: Couldn't find the default mysqladmin binary.\n";
      print "Tried: $opt_mysqladmin\n";
      print "This is OK, if you are using option \"mysqladmin=...\" in ";
      print "groups [mysqldN] separately for each.\n\n";
    }
    if ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^report$/i)
    {
      report_mysqlds();
    }
    else
    {
      stop_mysqlds();
    }
  }
}

#
# Quote word for shell
#

sub quote_shell_word
{
  my ($option)= @_;

$option =~ s!([^\w=./-])!\\$1!g;
  return $option;
}

####
#### get options for a group
####

sub defaults_for_group
{
  my ($group) = @_;

return () unless $my_print_defaults_exists;

my $com= join ' ', 'my_print_defaults', @defaults_options, $group;
  my @defaults = `$com`;
  chomp @defaults;
  return @defaults;
}

####
#### Init log file. Check for appropriate place for log file, in the following
#### order:  my_print_defaults mysqld datadir, /usr/share/mysql
####

sub init_log
{
  foreach my $opt (defaults_for_group('--mysqld'))
  {
    if ($opt =~ m/^--datadir=(.*)/ && -d "$1" && -w "$1")
    {
      $logdir= $1;
    }
  }
  if (!defined($logdir))
  {
    $logdir= "/usr/share/mysql" if (-d "/usr/share/mysql" && -w "/usr/share/mysql");
  }
  if (!defined($logdir))
  {
    # Log file was not specified and we could not log to a standard place,
    # so log file be disabled for now.
    if (!$opt_silent)
    {
      print "WARNING: Log file disabled. Maybe directory or file isn't writable?\n";
    }
    $opt_no_log= 1;
  }
  else
  {
    $opt_log= "$logdir/mysqld_multi.log";
  }
}

####
#### Report living and not running MariaDB servers
####

sub report_mysqlds
{
  my (@groups, $com, $i, @options, $pec);

print "Reporting MariaDB servers\n";
  if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("\nReporting MariaDB servers","$opt_log",0,0);
  }
  @groups = &find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    $com= get_mysqladmin_options($i, @groups);
    $com.= " ping >> /dev/null 2>&1";
    system($com);
    $pec = $? >> 8;
    if ($pec)
    {
      print "MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is not running\n";
      if (!$opt_no_log)
      {
	w2log("MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is not running",
	      "$opt_log", 0, 0);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      print "MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is running\n";
      if (!$opt_no_log)
      {
	w2log("MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is running",
	      "$opt_log", 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }
  if (!$i)
  {
    print "No groups to be reported (check your GNRs)\n";
    if (!$opt_no_log)
    {
      w2log("No groups to be reported (check your GNRs)", "$opt_log", 0, 0);
    }
  }
}

####
#### start multiple servers
####

sub start_mysqlds()
{
  my (@groups, $com, $tmp, $i, @options, $j, $mysqld_found, $suffix_found, $info_sent);

$suffix_found= 0;

if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("\nStarting MariaDB servers\n","$opt_log",0,0);
  }
  else
  {
    print "\nStarting MariaDB servers\n";
  }
  @groups = &find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    @options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);

$basedir_found= 0; # The default
    $mysqld_found= 1; # The default
    $mysqld_found= 0 if (!length($mysqld));
    $com= "$mysqld";

for ($j = 0, $tmp= ""; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
    {
      if ("--datadir=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 10)) {
        $datadir = $options[$j];
        $datadir =~ s/\-\-datadir\=//;
        eval { mkpath($datadir) };
        if ($@) {
          print "FATAL ERROR: Cannot create data directory $datadir: $!\n";
          exit(1);
        }
        if (! -d $datadir."/mysql") {
          if (-w $datadir) {
            print "\n\nInstalling new database in $datadir\n\n";
            $install_cmd="/usr/bin/mysql_install_db ";
            $install_cmd.="--user=mysql ";
            $install_cmd.="--datadir=$datadir";
            system($install_cmd);
          } else {
            print "\n";
            print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to create mysqld under group [$groups[$i]],\n";
            print "but the data directory is not writable.\n";
            print "data directory used: $datadir\n";
            exit(1);
          }
        }

if (! -d $datadir."/mysql") {
          print "\n";
          print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to start mysqld under group [$groups[$i]],\n";
          print "but no data directory was found or could be created.\n";
          print "data directory used: $datadir\n";
          exit(1);
        }
      }

if ("--mysqladmin=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
      {
	# catch this and ignore
      }
      elsif ("--mysqld=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 9))
      {
	$options[$j]=~ s/\-\-mysqld\=//;
	$com= $options[$j];
        $mysqld_found= 1;
      }
      elsif ("--basedir=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 10))
      {
        $basedir= $options[$j];
        $basedir =~ s/^--basedir=//;
        $basedir_found= 1;
        $options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
        $tmp.= " $options[$j]";
      }
      elsif ("--defaults-group-suffix=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 24))
      {
        $suffix_found= 1;
      }
      else
      {
	$options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
	$tmp.= " $options[$j]";
      }
    }
    if ($opt_verbose && $com =~ m/\/(mariadbd-safe)$/ && !$info_sent)
    {
      print "WARNING: $1 is being used to start mariadbd. In this case you ";
      print "may need to pass\n\"ledir=...\" under groups [mysqldN] to ";
      print "$1 in order to find the actual mysqld binary.\n";
      print "ledir (library executable directory) should be the path to the ";
      print "wanted mysqld binary.\n\n";
      $info_sent= 1;
    }

if (!$suffix_found)
    {
      $com.= " --defaults-group-suffix=";
      $com.= substr($groups[$i],6);
    }

$com.= $tmp;

if ($opt_wsrep_new_cluster) {
      $com.= " --wsrep-new-cluster";
    }

$com.= " >> $opt_log 2>&1" if (!$opt_no_log);
    $com.= " &";
    if (!$mysqld_found)
    {
      print "\n";
      print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to start mysqld under group [$groups[$i]], ";
      print "but no mysqld binary was found.\n";
      print "Please add \"mysqld=...\" in group [mysqld_multi], or add it to ";
      print "group [$groups[$i]] separately.\n";
      exit(1);
    }
    if ($basedir_found)
    {
      $curdir=getcwd();
      chdir($basedir) or die "Can't change to datadir $basedir";
    }
    system($com);
    if ($basedir_found)
    {
      chdir($curdir) or die "Can't change back to original dir $curdir";
    }
  }
  if (!$i && !$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("No MariaDB servers to be started (check your GNRs)",
	  "$opt_log", 0, 0);
  }
}

####
#### reload multiple servers
####

sub reload_mysqlds()
{
  my (@groups, $com, $tmp, $i, @options, $j);

if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("\nReloading MySQL servers\n","$opt_log",0,0);
  }
  else
  {
    print "\nReloading MySQL servers\n";
  }
  @groups = &find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    $mysqld_server = $mysqld;
    @options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);

for ($j = 0, $tmp= ""; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
    {
      if ("--mysqladmin=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
      {
        # catch this and ignore
      }
      elsif ("--mysqld=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 9))
      {
        $options[$j] =~ s/\-\-mysqld\=//;
        $mysqld_server = $options[$j];
      }
      elsif ("--pid-file=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 11))
      {
        $options[$j] =~ s/\-\-pid-file\=//;
        $pid_file = $options[$j];
      }
    }
    $com = "killproc -p $pid_file -HUP $mysqld_server";
    system($com);

$com = "touch $pid_file";
    system($com);
  }
  if (!$i && !$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("No MySQL servers to be reloaded (check your GNRs)",
         "$opt_log", 0, 0);
  }
}

###
#### stop multiple servers
####

sub stop_mysqlds()
{
  my (@groups, $com, $i, @options);

if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("\nStopping MariaDB servers\n","$opt_log",0,0);
  }
  else
  {
    print "\nStopping MariaDB servers\n";
  }
  @groups = &find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    $com= get_mysqladmin_options($i, @groups);
    $com.= " shutdown";
    $com.= " >> $opt_log 2>&1" if (!$opt_no_log);
    $com.= " &";
    system($com);
  }
  if (!$i && !$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log("No MariaDB servers to be stopped (check your GNRs)",
	  "$opt_log", 0, 0);
  }
}

####
#### Sub function for mysqladmin option parsing
####

sub get_mysqladmin_options
{
  my ($i, @groups)= @_;
  my ($mysqladmin_found, $com, $tmp, $j);

@options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);

$mysqladmin_found= 1; # The default
  $mysqladmin_found= 0 if (!length($mysqladmin));
  $com = "$mysqladmin";
  $tmp = " -u $opt_user";
  if (defined($opt_password)) {
    my $pw= $opt_password;
    # Protect single quotes in password
    $pw =~ s/'/'"'"'/g;
    $tmp.= " -p'$pw'";
  }
  $tmp.= $opt_tcp_ip ? " -h 127.0.0.1" : "";
  for ($j = 0; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
  {
    if ("--mysqladmin=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
    {
      $options[$j]=~ s/\-\-mysqladmin\=//;
      $com= $options[$j];
      $mysqladmin_found= 1;
    }
    elsif ((($options[$j] =~ m/^(\-\-socket\=)(.*)$/) && !$opt_tcp_ip) ||
	   ($options[$j] =~ m/^(\-\-port\=)(.*)$/))
    {
      $tmp.= " $options[$j]";
    }
  }
  if (!$mysqladmin_found)
  {
    print "\n";
    print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to use mysqladmin in group [$groups[$i]], ";
    print "but no mysqladmin binary was found.\n";
    print "Please add \"mysqladmin=...\" in group [mysqld_multi], or ";
    print "in group [$groups[$i]].\n";
    exit(1);
  }
  $com.= $tmp;
  return $com;
}

# Return a list of option files which can be opened.  Similar, but not
# identical, to behavior of my_search_option_files()
# TODO implement and use my_print_defaults --list-groups instead
sub list_defaults_files
{
  my %opt;
  foreach (@defaults_options)
  {
    return () if /^--no-defaults$/;
    $opt{$1} = $2 if /^--defaults-(extra-file|file)=(.*)$/;
  }

return ($opt{file}) if exists $opt{file};

my @dirs;

# same rule as in mysys/my_default.c
  if ('/etc') {
    push @dirs, '/etc/my.cnf';
  } else {
    push @dirs, '/etc/my.cnf', '/etc/mysql/my.cnf';
  }
  push @dirs, "$ENV{MYSQL_HOME}/my.cnf" if $ENV{MYSQL_HOME};
  push @dirs, $opt{'extra-file'} if $opt{'extra-file'};
  push @dirs, "$ENV{HOME}/.my.cnf" if $ENV{HOME};

return @dirs;
}

# Takes a specification of GNRs (see --help), and returns a list of matching
# groups which actually are mentioned in a relevant config file
sub find_groups
{
  my ($raw_gids) = @_;

my %gids;
  my @groups;

if (defined($raw_gids))
  {
    # Make a hash of the wanted group ids
    foreach my $raw_gid (split ',', $raw_gids)
    {
      # Match 123 or 123-456
      my ($start, $end) = ($raw_gid =~ /^\s*(\d+)(?:\s*-\s*(\d+))?\s*$/);
      $end = $start if not defined $end;
      if (not defined $start or $end < $start or $start < 0)
      {
        print "ABORT: Bad GNR: $raw_gid; see $my_progname --help\n";
        exit(1);
      }

foreach my $i ($start .. $end)
      {
        # Use $i + 0 to normalize numbers (002 + 0 -> 2)
        $gids{$i + 0}= 1;
      }
    }
  }

my %seen;
  my @defaults_files = list_defaults_files();
  while (@defaults_files)
  {
    my $file = shift @defaults_files;
    next unless defined $file and not $seen{$file}++ and open CONF, '<', $file;

while (<CONF>)
    {
      if (/^\s*\[\s*(mysqld)(\d+)\s*\]\s*$/)
      {
        #warn "Found a group: $1$2\n";
        # Use $2 + 0 to normalize numbers (002 + 0 -> 2)
        if (not defined($raw_gids) or $gids{$2 + 0})
        {
          push @groups, "$1$2";
        }
      }
      elsif (/^\s*!include\s+(\S.*?)\s*$/)
      {
        push @defaults_files, $1;
      }
      elsif (/^\s*!includedir\s+(\S.*?)\s*$/)
      {
        push @defaults_files, <$1/*.cnf>;
      }
    }

close CONF;
  }
  return @groups;
}

####
#### w2log: Write to a logfile.
#### 1.arg: append to the log file (given string, or from a file. if a file,
####        file will be read from $opt_logdir)
#### 2.arg: logfile -name (w2log assumes that the logfile is in $opt_logdir).
#### 3.arg. 0 | 1, if true, print current date to the logfile. 3. arg will
####        be ignored, if 1. arg is a file.
#### 4.arg. 0 | 1, if true, first argument is a file, else a string
####

sub w2log
{
  my ($msg, $file, $date_flag, $is_file)= @_;
  my (@data);

open (LOGFILE, ">>$opt_log")
    or die "FATAL: w2log: Couldn't open log file: $opt_log\n";

if ($is_file)
  {
    open (FROMFILE, "<$msg") && (@data=<FROMFILE>) &&
      close(FROMFILE)
	or die "FATAL: w2log: Couldn't open file: $msg\n";
    foreach my $line (@data)
    {
      print LOGFILE "$line";
    }
  }
  else
  {
    print LOGFILE "$msg";
    print LOGFILE strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime if ($date_flag);
    print LOGFILE "\n";
  }
  close (LOGFILE);
  return;
}

####
#### my_which is used, because we can't assume that every system has the
#### which -command. my_which can take only one argument at a time.
#### Return values: requested system command with the first found path,
#### or undefined, if not found.
####

sub my_which
{
  my ($command) = @_;
  my (@paths, $path);

# If the argument is not 'my_print_defaults' then it would be of the format
 # <absolute_path>/<program>
 return $command if ($command ne 'my_print_defaults' && -f $command &&
                     -x $command);

@paths = split(':', $ENV{'PATH'});
  foreach $path (@paths)
  {
    $path .= "/$command";
    return $path if (-f $path && -x $path);
  }
  return undef();
}

####
#### example
####

sub example
{
  print <<EOF;
# This is an example of a my.cnf file for $my_progname.
# Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf
#
# SOME IMPORTANT NOTES FOLLOW:
#
# 1.COMMON USER
#
#   Make sure that the MariaDB user, who is stopping the mysqld services, has
#   the same password to all MariaDB servers being accessed by $my_progname.
#   This user needs to have the 'Shutdown_priv' -privilege, but for security
#   reasons should have no other privileges. It is advised that you create a
#   common 'multi_admin' user for all MariaDB servers being controlled by
#   $my_progname. Here is an example how to do it:
#
#   GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO multi_admin\@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password'
#
#   You will need to apply the above to all MariaDB servers that are being
#   controlled by $my_progname. 'multi_admin' will shutdown the servers
#   using 'mysqladmin' -binary, when '$my_progname stop' is being called.
#
# 2.PID-FILE
#
#   If you are using mariadbd-safe to start mariadbd, make sure that every
#   MariaDB server has a separate pid-file. In order to use mariadbd-safe
#   via $my_progname, you need to use two options:
#
#   mysqld=/path/to/mariadbd-safe
#   ledir=/path/to/mariadbd-binary/
#
#   ledir (library executable directory), is an option that only mariadbd-safe
#   accepts, so you will get an error if you try to pass it to mysqld directly.
#   For this reason you might want to use the above options within [mysqld#]
#   group directly.
#
# 3.DATA DIRECTORY
#
#   It is NOT advised to run many MariaDB servers within the same data directory.
#   You can do so, but please make sure to understand and deal with the
#   underlying caveats. In short they are:
#   - Speed penalty
#   - Risk of table/data corruption
#   - Data synchronising problems between the running servers
#   - Heavily media (disk) bound
#   - Relies on the system (external) file locking
#   - Is not applicable with all table types. (Such as InnoDB)
#     Trying so will end up with undesirable results.
#
# 4.TCP/IP Port
#
#   Every server requires one and it must be unique.
#
# 5.[mysqld#] Groups
#
#   In the example below the first and the fifth mysqld group was
#   intentionally left out. You may have 'gaps' in the config file. This
#   gives you more flexibility.
#
# 6.MariaDB Server User
#
#   You can pass the user=... option inside [mysqld#] groups. This
#   can be very handy in some cases, but then you need to run $my_progname
#   as UNIX root.
#
# 7.A Start-up Manage Script for $my_progname
#
#   In the recent MariaDB distributions you can find a file called
#   mysqld_multi.server.sh. It is a wrapper for $my_progname. This can
#   be used to start and stop multiple servers during boot and shutdown.
#
#   You can place the file in /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi.server.sh and
#   make the needed symbolic links to it from various run levels
#   (as per Linux/Unix standard). You may even replace the
#   /etc/init.d/mysql.server script with it.
#
#   Before using, you must create a my.cnf file either in /usr/my.cnf
#   or /root/.my.cnf and add the [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#] groups.
#
#   The script can be found from support-files/mysqld_multi.server.sh
#   in MariaDB distribution. (Verify the script before using)
#

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld     = /usr/bin/mariadbd-safe
mysqladmin = /usr/bin/mariadb-admin
user       = multi_admin
password   = my_password

[mysqld2]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port       = 3307
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql2/hostname.pid2
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql2
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/english
user       = unix_user1

[mysqld3]
mysqld     = /path/to/mariadbd-safe
ledir      = /path/to/mariadbd-binary/
mysqladmin = /path/to/mariadb-admin
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port       = 3308
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql3/hostname.pid3
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql3
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/swedish
user       = unix_user2

[mysqld4]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port       = 3309
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql4/hostname.pid4
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql4
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/estonia
user       = unix_user3
 
[mysqld6]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port       = 3311
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql6/hostname.pid6
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql6
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/japanese
user       = unix_user4
EOF
  exit(0);
}

####
#### usage
####

sub usage
{
  print <<EOF;
$my_progname version $VER by Jani Tolonen

Description:
$my_progname can be used to start, reload, or stop any number of separate
mysqld processes running in different TCP/IP ports and UNIX sockets.

$my_progname can read group [mysqld_multi] from my.cnf file. You may
want to put options mysqld=... and mysqladmin=... there.  Since
version 2.10 these options can also be given under groups [mysqld#],
which gives more control over different versions.  One can have the
default mysqld and mysqladmin under group [mysqld_multi], but this is
not mandatory. Please note that if mysqld or mysqladmin is missing
from both [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#], a group that is tried to be
used, $my_progname will abort with an error.

$my_progname will search for groups named [mysqld#] from my.cnf (or
the given --defaults-extra-file=...), where '#' can be any positive 
integer starting from 1. These groups should be the same as the regular
[mysqld] group, but with those port, socket and any other options
that are to be used with each separate mysqld process. The number
in the group name has another function; it can be used for starting,
reloading, stopping, or reporting any specific mysqld server.

Usage: $my_progname [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...]
or     $my_progname [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR-GNR,GNR,GNR-GNR,...]

The GNR means the group number. You can start, reload, stop or report any GNR,
or several of them at the same time. (See --example) The GNRs list can
be comma separated or a dash combined. The latter means that all the
GNRs between GNR1-GNR2 will be affected. Without GNR argument all the
groups found will either be started, reloaded, stopped, or reported. Note that
syntax for specifying GNRs must appear without spaces.

Options:

These options must be given before any others:
--no-defaults      Do not read any defaults file
--defaults-file=...  Read only this configuration file, do not read the
                   standard system-wide and user-specific files
--defaults-extra-file=...  Read this configuration file in addition to the
                   standard system-wide and user-specific files
Using:  @{[join ' ', @defaults_options]}

--example          Give an example of a config file with extra information.
--help             Print this help and exit.
--log=...          Log file. Full path to and the name for the log file. NOTE:
                   If the file exists, everything will be appended.
                   Using: $opt_log
--mysqladmin=...   mysqladmin binary to be used for a server shutdown.
                   Since version 2.10 this can be given within groups [mysqld#]
                   Using: $mysqladmin
--mysqld=...       mariadbd binary to be used. Note that you can give mariadbd-safe
                   to this option also. The options are passed to mysqld. Just
                   make sure you have mariadbd in your PATH or fix mariadbd-safe.
                   Using: $mysqld
                   Please note: Since mysqld_multi version 2.3 you can also
                   give this option inside groups [mysqld#] in ~/.my.cnf,
                   where '#' stands for an integer (number) of the group in
                   question. This will be recognised as a special option and
                   will not be passed to the mysqld. This will allow one to
                   start different mysqld versions with mysqld_multi.
--no-log           Print to stdout instead of the log file. By default the log
                   file is turned on.
--password=...     Password for mysqladmin user.
--silent           Disable warnings.
--tcp-ip           Connect to the MariaDB server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead
                   of the UNIX socket. This affects stopping and reporting.
                   If a socket file is missing, the server may still be
                   running, but can be accessed only via the TCP/IP port.
                   By default connecting is done via the UNIX socket.
--user=...         mysqladmin user. Using: $opt_user
--verbose          Be more verbose.
--version          Print the version number and exit.
--wsrep-new-cluster  Bootstrap a cluster.
EOF
  exit(0);
}

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